

Internet Multicast Addresses

(last updated 2009-08-12)

Registries included below:
- IPv4 Multicast Addresses


Note:
Host Extensions for IP Multicasting [RFC1112] specifies the extensions
required of a host implementation of the Internet Protocol (IP) to
support multicasting.  The multicast addresses are in the range
224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.255. Current addresses are listed below.

The range of addresses between 224.0.0.0 and 224.0.0.255, inclusive,
is reserved for the use of routing protocols and other low-level
topology discovery or maintenance protocols, such as gateway discovery
and group membership reporting.  Multicast routers should not forward
any multicast datagram with destination addresses in this range,
regardless of its TTL.

Registry Name: IPv4 Multicast Addresses
Reference: [RFC3171]
Registration Procedures: Expert Review, IESG Approval or Standards Action

Registry:
224.0.0.0 - 224.0.0.255  (224.0.0/24) Local Network Control Block   Date registered
------------------------------------------------------------------  ---------------

224.0.0.0  Base Address (Reserved)                  [RFC1112][JBP]
224.0.0.1  All Systems on this Subnet               [RFC1112][JBP]
224.0.0.2  All Routers on this Subnet                        [JBP]
224.0.0.3  Unassigned                                        [JBP]
224.0.0.4  DVMRP    Routers                         [RFC1075][JBP]
224.0.0.5  OSPFIGP  OSPFIGP All Routers            [RFC2328][JXM1]
224.0.0.6  OSPFIGP  OSPFIGP Designated Routers     [RFC2328][JXM1]
224.0.0.7  ST Routers                              [RFC1190][KS14]
224.0.0.8  ST Hosts                                [RFC1190][KS14]
224.0.0.9  RIP2 Routers                           [RFC1723][GSM11]
224.0.0.10 IGRP Routers                                [Farinacci]
224.0.0.11 Mobile-Agents                            [Bill Simpson]
224.0.0.12 DHCP Server / Relay Agent                     [Unknown]
224.0.0.13 All PIM Routers                             [Farinacci]
224.0.0.14 RSVP-ENCAPSULATION                             [Braden]
224.0.0.15 all-cbt-routers                    [RFC2189][Ballardie]
224.0.0.16 designated-sbm                                  [Baker]
224.0.0.17 all-sbms                                        [Baker]
224.0.0.18 VRRP                                          [RFC3768]
224.0.0.19 IPAllL1ISs                                 [Przygienda]
224.0.0.20 IPAllL2ISs                                 [Przygienda]
224.0.0.21 IPAllIntermediate Systems                  [Przygienda]
224.0.0.22 IGMP                                          [Deering]
224.0.0.23 GLOBECAST-ID                                 [Scannell]
224.0.0.24 OSPFIGP-TE                                    [RFC4973]
224.0.0.25 router-to-switch                                   [Wu]
224.0.0.26 Unassigned                                        [JBP]
224.0.0.27 Al MPP Hello                               [Martinicky]  
224.0.0.28 ETC Control                               [Polishinski]
224.0.0.29 GE-FANUC                                        [Wacey]
224.0.0.30 indigo-vhdp                                   [Caughie]
224.0.0.31 shinbroadband                       [Kittivatcharapong]   
224.0.0.32 digistar                                       [Kerkan]
224.0.0.33 ff-system-management                          [Glanzer] 
224.0.0.34 pt2-discover                             [Kammerlander]
224.0.0.35 DXCLUSTER                                     [Koopman]
224.0.0.36 DTCP Announcement                             [Cipiere] 
224.0.0.37-224.0.0.68 zeroconfaddr   (renew 12/02)       [Guttman]
224.0.0.69-224.0.0.100 Reserved                             [IANA]
224.0.0.101 cisco-nhap                                     [Bakke]
224.0.0.102 HSRP                                          [Wilson]
224.0.0.103 MDAP                                           [Deleu]
224.0.0.104 Nokia MC CH                                  [Kalhour]
224.0.0.105 ff-lr-address                                [Glanzer]
224.0.0.106 All-Snoopers                                 [RFC4286]
224.0.0.107 PTP-pdelay                           [IEEE1588][K.Lee]  02 February 2007
224.0.0.108 Saratoga                                        [Wood]  30 August 2007
224.0.0.109 LL-MANET-Routers                             [RFC5498] 
224.0.0.110 IGRS                                            [Zhou]  20 January 2009
224.0.0.111-224.0.0.250 Unassigned                           [JBP]
224.0.0.251 mDNS                                        [Cheshire]
224.0.0.252 Link-local Multicast Name Resolution         [RFC4795]
224.0.0.253 Teredo                                       [RFC-huitema-v6ops-teredo-05.txt]
224.0.0.254 RFC3692-style Experiment (*)                 [RFC4727]
224.0.0.255-224.0.0.255 Unassigned                           [JBP]

  *  It is only appropriate to use these values in explicitly-
      configured experiments; they MUST NOT be shipped as defaults in
      implementations.  See RFC 3692 for details.

224.0.1.0 - 224.0.1.255  (224.0.1/24) Internetwork Control Block
----------------------------------------------------------------

224.0.1.0  VMTP Managers Group	                  [RFC1045][DRC3]
224.0.1.1  NTP      Network Time Protocol          [RFC1119][DLM1]
224.0.1.2  SGI-Dogfight                                      [AXC]
224.0.1.3  Rwhod                                             [SXD]
224.0.1.4  VNP                                              [DRC3]       
224.0.1.5  Artificial Horizons - Aviator                     [BXF]
224.0.1.6  NSS - Name Service Server                        [BXS2]
224.0.1.7  AUDIONEWS - Audio News Multicast                 [MXF2]
224.0.1.8  SUN NIS+ Information Service                     [CXM3]
224.0.1.9  MTP Multicast Transport Protocol                  [SXA]
224.0.1.10 IETF-1-LOW-AUDIO                                  [SC3]
224.0.1.11 IETF-1-AUDIO                                      [SC3]
224.0.1.12 IETF-1-VIDEO                                      [SC3]
224.0.1.13 IETF-2-LOW-AUDIO                                  [SC3]
224.0.1.14 IETF-2-AUDIO                                      [SC3]
224.0.1.15 IETF-2-VIDEO                                      [SC3]
224.0.1.16 MUSIC-SERVICE                        [Guido van Rossum]
224.0.1.17 SEANET-TELEMETRY                        [Andrew Maffei]
224.0.1.18 SEANET-IMAGE                            [Andrew Maffei]
224.0.1.19 MLOADD                                         [Braden]
224.0.1.20 any private experiment                            [JBP]
224.0.1.21 DVMRP on MOSPF                               [John Moy]
224.0.1.22 SVRLOC                                       [Veizades]
224.0.1.23 XINGTV                                         [Gordon]
224.0.1.24 microsoft-ds                    <arnoldm&microsoft.com>
224.0.1.25 nbc-pro                      <bloomer&birch.crd.ge.com>
224.0.1.26 nbc-pfn                      <bloomer&birch.crd.ge.com>
224.0.1.27 lmsc-calren-1                                    [Uang]
224.0.1.28 lmsc-calren-2                                    [Uang]
224.0.1.29 lmsc-calren-3                                    [Uang]
224.0.1.30 lmsc-calren-4                                    [Uang]
224.0.1.31 ampr-info                                     [Janssen]
224.0.1.32 mtrace                                         [Casner]
224.0.1.33 RSVP-encap-1                                   [Braden]
224.0.1.34 RSVP-encap-2                                   [Braden]
224.0.1.35 SVRLOC-DA                                    [Veizades]
224.0.1.36 rln-server                                       [Kean]
224.0.1.37 proshare-mc                                     [Lewis]
224.0.1.38 unassigned
224.0.1.39 cisco-rp-announce                           [Farinacci]
224.0.1.40 cisco-rp-discovery                          [Farinacci]
224.0.1.41 gatekeeper                                       [Toga]
224.0.1.42 iberiagames                                   [Marocho]
224.0.1.43 nwn-discovery                                 [Zwemmer]
224.0.1.44 nwn-adaptor                                   [Zwemmer]
224.0.1.45 isma-1                                          [Dunne]
224.0.1.46 isma-2                                          [Dunne]
224.0.1.47 telerate                                         [Peng]
224.0.1.48 ciena                                         [Rodbell]
224.0.1.49 dcap-servers                                  [RFC2114]
224.0.1.50 dcap-clients                                  [RFC2114]
224.0.1.51 mcntp-directory                                  [Rupp]
224.0.1.52 mbone-vcr-directory                         [Holfelder]
224.0.1.53 heartbeat                                     [Mamakos]
224.0.1.54 sun-mc-grp                                    [DeMoney]
224.0.1.55 extended-sys                                    [Poole]
224.0.1.56 pdrncs                                     [Wissenbach]
224.0.1.57 tns-adv-multi                                   [Albin]
224.0.1.58 vcals-dmu                                     [Shindoh]
224.0.1.59 zuba                                          [Jackson]
224.0.1.60 hp-device-disc                               [Albright]
224.0.1.61 tms-production                                 [Gilani]
224.0.1.62 sunscalar                                      [Gibson]
224.0.1.63 mmtp-poll                                    [Costales]
224.0.1.64 compaq-peer                                     [Volpe]
224.0.1.65 iapp                                            [Meier]
224.0.1.66 multihasc-com                               [Brockbank]
224.0.1.67 serv-discovery                                 [Honton]
224.0.1.68 mdhcpdisover                                  [RFC2730]
224.0.1.69 MMP-bundle-discovery1                          [Malkin]
224.0.1.70 MMP-bundle-discovery2                          [Malkin]
224.0.1.71 XYPOINT DGPS Data Feed                          [Green]
224.0.1.72 GilatSkySurfer                                    [Gal]
224.0.1.73 SharesLive                                     [Rowatt]
224.0.1.74 NorthernData                                   [Sheers]
224.0.1.75 SIP                                       [Schulzrinne]
224.0.1.76 IAPP                                          [Moelard]
224.0.1.77 AGENTVIEW                                        [Iyer]
224.0.1.78 Tibco Multicast1                                 [Shum]
224.0.1.79 Tibco Multicast2                                 [Shum]
224.0.1.80 MSP                                             [Caves]
224.0.1.81 OTT (One-way Trip Time)                      [Schwartz]  
224.0.1.82 TRACKTICKER                                    [Novick]
224.0.1.83 dtn-mc                                         [Gaddie]
224.0.1.84 jini-announcement                           [Scheifler]
224.0.1.85 jini-request                                [Scheifler]
224.0.1.86 sde-discovery                                 [Aronson]
224.0.1.87 DirecPC-SI                                     [Dillon] 
224.0.1.88 B1RMonitor                                    [Purkiss]
224.0.1.89 3Com-AMP3 dRMON                               [Banthia] 
224.0.1.90 imFtmSvc                                       [Bhatti]
224.0.1.91 NQDS4                                           [Flynn]
224.0.1.92 NQDS5                                           [Flynn]
224.0.1.93 NQDS6                                           [Flynn]
224.0.1.94 NLVL12                                          [Flynn]
224.0.1.95 NTDS1                                           [Flynn]
224.0.1.96 NTDS2                                           [Flynn]
224.0.1.97 NODSA                                           [Flynn]
224.0.1.98 NODSB                                           [Flynn]
224.0.1.99 NODSC                                           [Flynn]
224.0.1.100 NODSD                                          [Flynn]
224.0.1.101 NQDS4R                                         [Flynn]
224.0.1.102 NQDS5R                                         [Flynn]
224.0.1.103 NQDS6R                                         [Flynn]
224.0.1.104 NLVL12R                                        [Flynn]
224.0.1.105 NTDS1R                                         [Flynn]
224.0.1.106 NTDS2R                                         [Flynn]
224.0.1.107 NODSAR                                         [Flynn]
224.0.1.108 NODSBR                                         [Flynn]
224.0.1.109 NODSCR                                         [Flynn]
224.0.1.110 NODSDR                                         [Flynn]
224.0.1.111 MRM                                              [Wei]
224.0.1.112 TVE-FILE                                 [Blackketter]
224.0.1.113 TVE-ANNOUNCE                             [Blackketter]
224.0.1.114 Mac Srv Loc                                 [Woodcock]
224.0.1.115 Simple Multicast                           [Crowcroft]
224.0.1.116 SpectraLinkGW                               [Hamilton]
224.0.1.117 dieboldmcast                                   [Marsh]
224.0.1.118 Tivoli Systems                               [Gabriel]
224.0.1.119 pq-lic-mcast                                  [Sledge]
224.0.1.120 SPRYWARE LLC                              [Kreutzjans]
224.0.1.121 Pipesplatform                                [Dissett] 
224.0.1.122 LiebDevMgmg-DM                                [Velten]
224.0.1.123 TRIBALVOICE                                 [Thompson]
224.0.1.124 Unassigned (Retracted 1/29/01)
224.0.1.125 PolyCom Relay1                              [Coutiere]
224.0.1.126 Infront Multi1                              [Lindeman]
224.0.1.127 XRX DEVICE DISC                                 [Wang]
224.0.1.128 CNN                                            [Lynch]
224.0.1.129 PTP-primary                          [IEEE1588][K.Lee]
224.0.1.130 PTP-alternate1                       [IEEE1588][K.Lee]
224.0.1.131 PTP-alternate2                       [IEEE1588][K.Lee]
224.0.1.132 PTP-alternate3                       [IEEE1588][K.Lee]
224.0.1.133 ProCast                                       [Revzen]
224.0.1.134 3Com Discp                                     [White]
224.0.1.135 CS-Multicasting                               [Stanev]
224.0.1.136 TS-MC-1                                    [Sveistrup]
224.0.1.137 Make Source                                     [Daga]
224.0.1.138 Teleborsa                                  [Strazzera]
224.0.1.139 SUMAConfig                                   [Wallach]
224.0.1.140 capwap-ac                                    [RFC5415]
224.0.1.141 DHCP-SERVERS                                    [Hall]
224.0.1.142 CN Router-LL                                [Armitage]
224.0.1.143 EMWIN                                       [Querubin]
224.0.1.144 Alchemy Cluster                             [O'Rourke]
224.0.1.145 Satcast One                                   [Nevell]
224.0.1.146 Satcast Two                                   [Nevell]
224.0.1.147 Satcast Three                                 [Nevell]
224.0.1.148 Intline                                    [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.149 8x8 Multicast                                  [Roper]
224.0.1.150 Unassigned                                       [JBP]
224.0.1.151 Intline-1                                  [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.152 Intline-2                                  [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.153 Intline-3                                  [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.154 Intline-4                                  [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.155 Intline-5                                  [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.156 Intline-6                                  [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.157 Intline-7                                  [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.158 Intline-8                                  [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.159 Intline-9                                  [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.160 Intline-10                                 [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.161 Intline-11                                 [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.162 Intline-12                                 [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.163 Intline-13                                 [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.164 Intline-14                                 [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.165 Intline-15                                 [Sliwinski]
224.0.1.166 marratech-cc                                  [Parnes]
224.0.1.167 EMS-InterDev                                    [Lyda]
224.0.1.168 itb301                                      [Rueskamp]
224.0.1.169 rtv-audio                                      [Adams]
224.0.1.170 rtv-video                                      [Adams]
224.0.1.171 HAVI-Sim                                  [Wasserroth]
224.0.1.172 Nokia Cluster                               [O'Rourke]
224.0.1.173 host-request                              [K.Thompson]  
224.0.1.174 host-announce                             [K.Thompson]  
224.0.1.175 ptk-cluster                                  [Hodgson]
224.0.1.176 Proxim Protocol                               [Shukla]  
224.0.1.177 Gemtek Systems                                 [A.Lee]
224.0.1.178 IEEE IAPP                                      [Kerry]
224.0.1.179 1451_Dot5_802_Discovery                      [Coleman]  11 April 2006
224.0.1.180 1451_Dot5_802_Group_1                        [Coleman]  11 April 2006  
224.0.1.181 1451_Dot5_802_Group_2                        [Coleman]  11 April 2006  
224.0.1.182 1451_Dot5_802_Group_3                        [Coleman]  11 April 2006  
224.0.1.183 1451_Dot5_802_Group_4                        [Coleman]  11 April 2006
224.0.1.184 VFSDP                                         [Yellen]  06 March 2007
224.0.1.185 ASAP                                         [RFC5352] 
224.0.1.186-224.0.1.255  Unassigned                          [JBP] 


224.0.2.0 - 224.0.255.0   AD-HOC Block
--------------------------------------
224.0.2.0  Unassigned
224.0.2.1  "rwho" Group (BSD) (unofficial)                   [JBP]
224.0.2.2  SUN RPC PMAPPROC_CALLIT                          [BXE1]
224.0.2.3  EPSON-disc-set                       [SEIKO EPSON Corp]
224.0.2.4-224.0.2.063 Unassigned
224.0.2.064-224.0.2.095 Amex MDD Service                   [Madry]  April 1996, July 2007 - modified
224.0.2.096-224.0.2.127 BallisterNet                   [Ballister]
224.0.2.128-224.0.2.191 WOZ-Garage                     [Marquardt]
224.0.2.192-224.0.2.255 SIAC MDD Market Service          [Lamberg]
224.0.3.000-224.0.3.255 RFE Generic Service                 [DXS3]
224.0.4.000-224.0.4.255 RFE Individual Conferences          [DXS3]
224.0.5.000-224.0.5.127 CDPD Groups                  [Bob Brenner]
224.0.5.128-224.0.5.191 SIAC Market Service                  [Cho]
224.0.5.192-224.0.5.255 SIAC NYSE Order PDP protocol        [Chan]
224.0.6.000-224.0.6.127 Cornell ISIS Project           [Tim Clark]
224.0.6.128-224.0.6.255 Unassigned                          [IANA]
224.0.7.000-224.0.7.255 Where-Are-You                    [Simpson]
224.0.8.000-224.0.8.255 INTV                               [Tynan]
224.0.9.000-224.0.9.255 Invisible Worlds                 [Malamud]
224.0.10.000-224.0.10.255 DLSw Groups                        [Lee]
224.0.11.000-224.0.11.255 NCC.NET Audio                    [Rubin]
224.0.12.000-224.0.12.063 Microsoft and MSNBC              [Blank]
224.0.13.000-224.0.13.255 WorldCom Broadcast Services     [Barber]
224.0.14.000-224.0.14.255 NLANR                          [Wessels]
224.0.15.000-224.0.15.255 Agilent Technologies    [van der Meulen]
224.0.16.000-224.0.16.255 XingNet                       [Uusitalo]
224.0.17.000-224.0.17.031 Mercantile & Commodity Exchange [Gilani]
224.0.17.032-224.0.17.063 NDQMD1                          [Nelson]
224.0.17.064-224.0.17.127 ODN-DTV                         [Hodges]
224.0.18.000-224.0.18.255 Dow Jones                         [Peng]
224.0.19.000-224.0.19.063 Walt Disney Company             [Watson]
224.0.19.064-224.0.19.095 Cal Multicast                    [Moran]  
224.0.19.096-224.0.19.127 Amex Market Service              [Madry]  October 1997, July 2007 - modified
224.0.19.128-224.0.19.191 IIG Multicast                     [Carr]
224.0.19.192-224.0.19.207 Metropol                      [Crawford]
224.0.19.208-224.0.19.239 Xenoscience, Inc.                 [Timm]
224.0.19.240-224.0.19.255 MJDPM                         [Straight]
224.0.20.000-224.0.20.063 MS-IP/TV                          [Wong]
224.0.20.064-224.0.20.127 Reliable Network Solutions      [Vogels]
224.0.20.128-224.0.20.143 TRACKTICKER Group               [Novick]
224.0.20.144-224.0.20.207 CNR Rebroadcast MCA            [Sautter]
224.0.21.000-224.0.21.127 Talarian MCAST                  [Mendal]
224.0.22.000-224.0.22.239 WORLD MCAST                    [Stewart]
224.0.22.240-224.0.22.255 Jones International           [Ginsburg]  31 October 2007
224.0.23.0 ECHONET                                         [Saito]
224.0.23.1 Ricoh-device-ctrl                             [Nishida] 
224.0.23.2 Ricoh-device-ctrl                             [Nishida]
224.0.23.3-224.0.23.10  Telefeed                          [Beddoe]
224.0.23.11 SpectraTalk                                  [Karhade]
224.0.23.12 EIBnet/IP                                   [Goossens]
224.0.23.13 TVE-ANNOUNCE2                                  [Dolan]
224.0.23.14 DvbServDisc                             [van Willigen]
224.0.23.15-224.0.23.31 MJDPM                           [Straight]
224.0.23.32 Norman MCMP                                  [Bognaes]
224.0.23.33 RRDP                                           [Hoshi]
224.0.23.34 AF_NA                                     [Brzezinski]
224.0.23.35 AF_OPRA_NBBO                              [Brzezinski]
224.0.23.36 AF_OPRA_FULL                              [Brzezinski]
224.0.23.37 AF_NEWS                                   [Brzezinski]
224.0.23.38 AF_NA_CHI                                 [Brzezinski]
224.0.23.39 AF_OPRA_NBBO_CHI                          [Brzezinski]
224.0.23.40 AF_OPRA_FULL_CHI                          [Brzezinski]
224.0.23.41 AF_NEWS_CHI                               [Brzezinski]           
224.0.23.42 Control for IP Video                       [Guillaume]
224.0.23.43 acp-discovery                                   [Belk]
224.0.23.44 acp-management                                  [Belk]
224.0.23.45 acp-data                                        [Belk]
224.0.23.46 oap-multicast                                [Eastham]  16 June 2006
224.0.23.47 AF_DOB_CHI                                [Brzezinski]  28 October 2005
224.0.23.48 AF_OPRA_FULL2_CHI                         [Brzezinski]  28 October 2005
224.0.23.49 AF_DOB                                    [Brzezinski]  28 October 2005
224.0.23.50 AF_OPRA_FULL2                             [Brzezinski]  28 October 2005
224.0.23.51 Fairview                                        [Lyle]  07 August 2006
224.0.23.52 Amex Market Data                               [Madry]  11 August 2006
224.0.23.53 MCP                                        [DeBaillie]  30 November 2006
224.0.23.54 ServDiscovery                               [Langille]  17 January 2007
224.0.23.55 noaaport1                                   [Querubin]  04 February 2008
224.0.23.56 noaaport2                                   [Querubin]  04 February 2008
224.0.23.57 noaaport3                                   [Querubin]  04 February 2008
224.0.23.58 noaaport4                                   [Querubin]  04 February 2008
224.0.23.59 DigacIP7                                   [Niedfeldt]  22 February 2008
224.0.23.60 AtscSvcSig                                  [Whitaker]  19 December 2008
224.0.23.61 SafetyNET p (potentially IGMPv1)                [Pilz]  13 March 2009
224.0.23.62 BluemoonGamesMC                               [Mettin]  12 May 2009
224.0.23.63 iADT Discovery                                [Suhler]  12 May 2009
224.0.23.64-224.0.23.80 Moneyline                       [Petronio]
224.0.23.81-224.0.23.127 Reserved (Moneyline)
224.0.23.128-224.0.23.157 PHLX                         [Linthicum]
224.0.23.158 VSCP                                         [Tewiah]
224.0.23.159 LXI-EVENT                                   [Barendt]  04 November 2005
224.0.23.160 solera_lmca                               [Armstrong]  09 February 2006
224.0.23.161 VBooster                                    [Pevzner]  17 March 2006
224.0.23.162 cajo discovery                            [Catherino]  31 March 2006
224.0.23.163 INTELLIDEN                                   [Schenk]  31 March 2006
224.0.23.164 IceEDCP                                     [O.Lewis]  11 July 2006
224.0.23.165 omasg                                       [Lipford]  11 July 2006
224.0.23.166 MEDIASTREAM                               [Robberson]  15 September 2006
224.0.23.167 Systech Mcast                              [Jakubiec]  21 September 2006
224.0.23.168 tricon-system-management                     [Gabler]  06 July 2007
224.0.23.169 MNET discovery                                [Crick]  14 January 2008
224.0.23.170-224.0.23.191 Unassigned
224.0.23.192-224.0.23.255 PINKOTC                        [Shulgin]  12 August 2008
224.0.24.0-224.0.24.127 AGSC UK VVs                       [Rowley]  09 June 2006
224.0.24.128-224.0.24.255 EM-MULTI                      [Sorensen]  07 August 2006
224.0.25.0-224.0.28.255 CME Market Data               [Brakauskas]  22 March 2007
224.0.29.0-224.0.30.255 Deutsche Boerse                    [Drwal]  22 March 2007
224.0.31.0-224.0.34.255 CME Market Data               [Brakauskas]  17 July 2007
224.0.35.0-224.0.35.255 M2S                                [Gilad]  31 August 2007
224.0.36.0-224.0.38.255 Unassigned
224.0.39.0-224.0.40.255 CDAS                               [Olsen]  12 September 2007
224.0.41.0-224.0.41.255 NYSE-EURONEXT                      [Gupta]  28 November 2007
224.0.42.0-224.0.45.255 MEDIAL                            [MEDIAL]  15 January 2008
224.0.46.0-224.0.50.255 Deutsche Boerse                    [Drwal]  25 January 2008
224.0.51.0-224.0.51.255 ALCOM-IPTV                       [Erikson]  09 April 2008
224.0.52.0-224.0.53.255 NYSE-EURONEXT                  [Stevenson]  23 July 2008
224.0.54.0-224.0.57.255 Get - BCN                       [Hvidsten]  20 August 2008
224.0.58.0-224.0.61.255 NYSE-AMEX_L1_L2                 [Castillo]  27 August 2008
224.0.62.0-224.0.62.255 BATS                               [Brown]  24 December 2008
224.0.63.0-224.0.63.255 BATS Trading                    [Gorsline]  13 March 2009
224.0.64.0-224.0.67.255 NYSE Euronext                     [Gupta2]  13 March 2009
224.0.68.0-224.0.69.255 ISE                               [Albert]  12 May 2009
224.0.70.0-224.0.71.255 NYSE-AB-UTP                      [Serrano]  16 June 2009
224.0.72.0-224.0.251.255  Unassigned
224.0.252.0-224.0.252.255 KPN Broadcast Services           [Spelt] 
224.0.253.000-224.0.253.255 KPN Broadcast Services         [Spelt]              
224.0.254.000-224.0.254.255 Intelsat IPTV                   [Elad]  31 March 2006
224.0.255.000-224.0.255.255 Intelsat IPTV                   [Elad]  31 March 2006

224.1.0.0-224.1.255.255 (224.1/16) ST Multicast Groups
-------------------------------------------------------

224.1.0.0-224.1.0.37  Reserved                              [IANA]
224.1.0.38 dantz                                           [Zulch]
224.1.0.39-224.1.1.255 Reserved                             [IANA]
224.1.2.0-224.1.2.255  arca-ex                           [Andrews]  17 February 2006
224.1.3.0-224.1.4.255  NOB Cross media facilities     [Mattheijer]  22 May 2006
224.1.5.0-224.1.255.255 Reserved                            [IANA]

224.2.0.0-224.2.255.255 (224.2/16) SDP/SAP Block
--------------------------------------------------

 224.2.0.0-224.2.127.253    Multimedia Conference Calls       [SC3]
 224.2.127.254              SAPv1 Announcements               [SC3]
 224.2.127.255              SAPv0 Announcements (deprecated)  [SC3]
 224.2.128.0-224.2.255.255  SAP Dynamic Assignments           [SC3]

224.3.0.0-224.4.255.255 (224.3/16, 224.4/16)  AD-HOC Block
-----------------------------------------------------------

224.3.0.0 - 224.3.0.63 Nasdaqmdfeeds  (re-new/March 2003)    [Nelson]
224.3.0.64-224.3.255.255     Reserved                          [IANA]
224.4.0.0-224.4.0.255  London Stock Exchange             [Whitehouse]  31 March 2006
224.4.1.0-224.4.1.255  London Stock Exchange               [Saunders]  25 February 2008
224.4.2.0-224.4.2.255  London Stock Exchange               [Saunders]  29 February 2008
224.4.3.0-224.4.4.255  London Stock Exchange               [Saunders]  24 December 2008
224.4.5.0-224.4.6.255  London Stock Exchange               [Saunders]  12 May 2009
224.4.7.0-224.251.255.255  Reserved                            [IANA]
224.252.000.000-224.255.255.255 DIS Transient Groups  [IANA][RFC2365]
225.000.000.000-231.255.255.255 Reserved                       [IANA]


232.0.0.0-232.255.255.255 (232/8) Source-Specific Multicast Block
Registration Rules: IETF Consensus
Addresses within the 232.0.1.0-232.255.255.255 are dynamically 
allocated by hosts when needed [RFC4607]

Address/Range                    Description                         Reference
-------------------------        ----------------------------------  ---------
232.0.0.0                        Reserved                            [RFC4607]
232.0.0.1-232.0.0.255            Reserved for IANA allocation        [RFC4607]
232.0.1.0-232.255.255.255        Reserved for local host allocation  [RFC4607]


233.000.000.000-233.255.255.255  GLOP Block                          [RFC3180]
234.000.000.000-238.255.255.255  Reserved                            [IANA]

239.000.000.000-239.255.255.255  Administratively Scoped             [IANA][RFC2365]

 239.000.000.000-239.063.255.255 Reserved                            [IANA]
 239.064.000.000-239.127.255.255 Reserved                            [IANA]
 239.128.000.000-239.191.255.255 Reserved                            [IANA]
 239.192.000.000-239.251.255.255 Organization-Local Scope            [Meyer][RFC2365]
 239.252.000.000-239.252.255.255 Site-Local Scope (reserved)         [Meyer][RFC2365]
 239.253.000.000-239.253.255.255 Site-Local Scope (reserved)         [Meyer][RFC2365]
 239.254.000.000-239.254.255.255 Site-Local Scope (reserved)         [Meyer][RFC2365]
 239.255.000.000-239.255.255.255 Site-Local Scope                    [Meyer][RFC2365]
 239.255.002.002                 rasadv                              [Thaler]                           

There is a concept of relative addresses to be used with the scoped
multicast addresses.  These relative addresses are listed here:


Relative     Description                                       Reference
---------    ------------------------------------------------- ---------
  0          SAP Session Announcement Protocol                 [Handley]
  1          MADCAP Protocol                                   [RFC2730]
  2          SLPv2 Discovery                                   [Guttman]
  3          MZAP                                              [Thaler]
  4          Multicast Discovery of DNS Services               [Manning]
  5          SSDP                                              [UPnP]
  6          DHCP v4                                           [Hall]
  7          AAP                                               [Hanna]
  8          MBUS                                              [RFC3259]
  9          UPnP                                              [UPnP]
  10-252     Reserved - To be assigned by the IANA  
  253        Reserved 
  254        RFC3692-style Experiment (*)                      [RFC4727] 
  255        Reserved - To be assigned by the IANA     
                                                 
  *  It is only appropriate to use these values in explicitly-
      configured experiments; they MUST NOT be shipped as defaults in
      implementations.  See RFC 3692 for details.

These addresses are listed in the Domain Name Service under MCAST.NET
and 224.IN-ADDR.ARPA.

Note that when used on an Ethernet or IEEE 802 network, the 23
low-order bits of the IP Multicast address are placed in the low-order
23 bits of the Ethernet or IEEE 802 net multicast address
1.0.94.0.0.0.  See the section on "IANA ETHERNET ADDRESS BLOCK".


References
----------
[IEEE1588] http://ieee1588.nist.gov/ 

[RFC1045]  Cheriton, D., "VMTP: Versatile Message Transaction
           Protocol Specification", RFC 1045, Stanford University,
           February 1988.

[RFC1075]  Waitzman, D., C. Partridge, and S. Deering "Distance Vector
           Multicast Routing Protocol", RFC-1075, BBN STC, Stanford
           University, November 1988.

[RFC1112]  Deering, S., "Host Extensions for IP Multicasting",
           STD 5, RFC 1112, Stanford University, August 1989.

[RFC1119]  Mills, D., "Network Time Protocol (Version 1), Specification
           and Implementation", STD 12, RFC 1119, University of
           Delaware, July 1988.

[RFC1190]  Topolcic, C., Editor, "Experimental Internet Stream
           Protocol, Version 2 (ST-II)", RFC 1190, CIP Working Group,
           October 1990.

[RFC1723]  Malkin, G., "RIP Version 2: Carying Additional Information",
           RFC 1723, Xylogics, November 1994.

[RFC2114]  Chiang, S, J. Lee adn H. Yasuda, "Data Link Switching Client
           Access Protocol", RFC 2114, Cisco, Mitsubishi
           February 1997.

[RFC2189]  A. Ballardie, "Core Based Trees (CBT version 2) Multicast 
           Routing Protocol Specification", RFC 2189, September 1997.
           
[RFC2328]  Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", STD 54, RFC 2328, Ascend
           Communications, April 1998.

[RFC2365]  Meyer, D., "Administratively Scoped IP Multicast", RFC 2365,
           University of Oregon, July 1998.

[RFC2730]  Hanna, S., Patel, B. and M. Shah, "Multicast Address Dynamic
           Client Allocation Protocol (MADCAP), December 1999.

[RFC3077]  Duros, E., W. Dabbous, H. Izumiyama, N. Fujii, and Y. Zhang,
           "A Link-Layer Tunneling Mechanism for Unidirectional Links",
           RFC 3077, March 2001. 

[RFC3259]  J. Ott, C. Perkins, and D. Kutscher, "A Message Bus for 
           Local Coordination", RFC 3259, April 2002.

[RFC3768]  R. Hinden, Ed., "Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)",
           RFC 3768, April 2004.

[RFC4286]  B. Haberman and J. Martin, "Multicast Router Discovery", 
           RFC 4286, December 2005.

[RFC4607]  H. Holbrook and B. Cain, "Source-Specific Multicast for IP",
           RFC 4607, August 2006.

[RFC4727]  B. Fenner, "Experimental values In IPv4, IPv6, ICMPv4, ICMPv6,
           UDP and TCP Headers",  RFC 4727,  November 2006.

[RFC4795]  B. Aboba, D. Thaler, L. Esibov, "Link-local Multicast Name 
           Resolution (LLMNR)", RFC 4795, January 2007.

[RFC4973]  P. Srisuresh and P. Joseph, "OSPF-xTE: An experimental extension to 
           OSPF for Traffic Engineering", RFC 4973, July 2007.

[RFC-huitema-v6ops-teredo-05.txt]
           C. Huitema, "Teredo: Tunneling IPv6 over UDP through NATs", 
           RFC XXXX, Month Year.

[RFC5498]  I. Chakeres, "IANA Allocations for MANET Protocols", RFC 5498,
           March 2009.

[RFC5352]  R. Stewart, Q. Xie, M. Stillman, M. Tuexen, "Aggregate Server 
           Access Protocol (ASAP)", RFC 5352, September 2008.

[RFC5415]  P. Calhoun, Ed., M. Montemurro, Ed., D. Stanley, Ed., "CAPWAP 
           Protocol Specification", RFC 5415, March 2009.

People
------
[Aboba] Bernard Aboba, <bernarda&windows.microsoft.com>, May 2004.

[Adams] Chris Adams, <jc.adams&reuters.com>, July 2000.

[Albert] Fabrice Albert, <falbert&ise.com>, 12 May 2009.

[Albin] Jerome Albin, <albin&taec.enet.dec.com>, June 1997.

[Albright] Shivaun Albright, <shivaun_albright&hp.com>, July 1997.

[Andrews] Dave Andrews, <DAndrews&archipelago.com>, 17 February 2006.

[Armitage] Ian Armitage, <ian&coactive.com>, August 1999.

[Armstrong] Mark Armstrong, <Mark.Armstrong&SoleraTec.com>, 09 February 2006.

[Aronson] Peter Aronson, <paronson&esri.com>, August 1998.

          <arnoldm&microsoft.com>

[AXC] Andrew Cherenson, <arc&SGI.COM>

[Baker] Fred Baker, <fred&cisco.com>, June 1997.

[Bakke] Mark Bakke, <mbakke&cisco.com>, December 2001.

[Ballardie] Tony Ballardie, <A.Ballardie&cs.ucl.ac.uk>, February 1997.

[Ballister] Tom Ballister, <tom&ballister.com>, July 1997.

[Banthia] Prakash Banthia, <prakash_banthia&3com.com>, September 1998.

[Barber] Tony Barber, <tony.barber&wcom.com>, January 1997.

[Barendt] Nick Barendt, <nbarendt&vxitech.com>, November 2005.

[Beddoe] Wally Beddoe, <WBeddoe&tkusa.com>, April 2003.

[Belk] Andy Belk, <register1&azulsystems.com>, February 2005.

[Bhatti] Zia Bhatti, <zia&netright.com>, September 1998.

[Blackketter] Dean Blackketter, <dean&corp.webtv.net>, November 1998.

[Blank] Tom Blank, <tomblank&microsoft.com>, November 1996.

<bloomer&birch.crd.ge.com>

[Bognaes] Kristian A. Bognaes, <kbo&norman.no>, February 2004.

[Braden] Bob Braden, <braden&isi.edu>, April 1996.

[Brakauskas] Sarunas Brakauskas, <sbrakaus&cme.com>, 22 March 2007, 17 July 2007.

[Bob Brenner]

[Brockbank] Darcy Brockbank, <darcy&hasc.com>, December 1997.

[Brown] Andrew Brown, <abrown&batstrading.com>, 24 December 2008.

[Brzezinski] Bob Brzezinski, <bob.brzezinski&activfinancial.com>, November 2004,
             May 2005, 28 October 2005.

[BXE1] Brendan Eic, <brendan&illyria.wpd.sgi.com>

[BXF] Bruce Factor, <ahi!bigapple!bruce&uunet.UU.NET>

[BXS2] Bill Schilit, <schilit&parc.xerox.com>

[Carr] Wayne Carr, <Wayne_Carr&ccm.intel.com>, December 1997.

[Casner] Steve Casner, <casner&isi.edu>, January 1995.

[Castillo] Frank Castillo, <fcastillo&nyx.com>, 27 August 2008.

[Catherino] John Catherino, <cajo&dev.java.net>, 31 March 2006. 

[Caughie] Colin Caughie, <cfc&indigo-avs.com>, May 2000.

[Caves] Evan Caves, <evan&acc.com>, June 1998. 

[Chan] Helen Chan, <hchan&siac.com>, August 2001.

[Cheshire] Stuart Cheshire, <cheshire&apple.com>, April 2000. 

[Chiang] Steve Chiang, <schiang&cisco.com>, January 1997

[Cho] Joan Cho/SIAC, <jcho&siac.com>, October 1998.

[Cipiere] Patrick Cipiere, <Patrick.Cipiere&UDcast.com>, January 1999,
          January 2001. 

[Tim Clark]

[Coleman] Ryon Coleman, <rcoleman&3eti.com>, 11 April 2006.

[Costales] Bryan Costales, <bcx&infobeat.com>, September 1997.

[Crawford] James Crawford, <jcrawford&metropol.net>, May 1998.

[Crick] Andy Crick, <acrick&haascnc.com>, 14 January 2008.

[Crowcroft] Jon Crowcroft, <jon&hocus.cs.ucl.ac.uk>, November 1998.

[CXM3] Chuck McManis, <cmcmanis&sun.com>

[Daga] Anthony Daga, <anthony&mksrc.com>, June 1999.

[DeBaillie] Tim DeBaillie, <debaillie&ciholas.com>, 30 November 2006.

[Deering] Steve Deering, <deering&cisco.com>, October 1999.

[Deleu] Johan Deleu, <johan.deleu&alcatel.be>, February 2002.

[DeMoney] Michael DeMoney, <demoney&eng.sun.com>, April 1997.

[Dillonn] Doug Dillon, <dillon&hns.com>, August 1998.

[Dissett] Daniel Dissett, <ddissett&peerlogic.com>, December 1998.

[DLM1] David Mills, <Mills&HUEY.UDEL.EDU>

[Dolan]  Michael Dolan, <miked&tbt.com>, October 2003

[DRC3] Dave Cheriton, <cheriton&DSG.STANFORD.EDU>

[Drwal] Jan Drwal, <Jan.Drwal&deutsche-boerse.com>, 22 March 2007, 25 January 2008.

[Dunne] Stephen Dunne, <sdun&isma.co.uk>, January 1997.

[DXS3] Daniel Steinber, <Daniel.Steinberg&Eng.Sun.COM>

[Eastham] Bryant Eastham, <protocols&pewla.us.pewg.panasonic.com>, 16 June 2006.

[Elad] Karl Elad, <karl.elad&intelsat.com>, 31 March 2006.

[Erikson] Jan-Erik Erikson, <jee&alcom.ax>, 09 April 2008.

[Fenner] Bill Fenner, <fenner&parc.xerox.com>, December 1997.

[Farinacci] Dino Farinacci, <dino&procket.com>, February, March 1996.

[Flynn] Edward Flynn, <flynne&nasdaq.com>, September 1998.

[Gabler] John Gabler, <john.gabler&ips.invensys.com>, 06 July 2007.

[Gabriel] Jon Gabriel, <grabriel&tivoli.com>, December 1998.

[Gaddie] Bob Gaddie, <bobg&dtn.com>, August 1998.

[Gal] Yossi Gal, <yossi&gilat.com>, February 1998.

[Gibson] Terry Gibson, <terry.gibson&sun.com>, August 1997.

[Gilad] Itamar Gilad, <itamar&arootz.com>, 31 August 2007.

[Gilani] Asad Gilani, <agilani&nymex.com>, July 1997.

[Ginsburg] Jim Ginsburg, <JGinsburg&jonescorp.com>, 31 October 2007.

[Glanzer] Dave Glanzer, <dave.glanzer&fieldbus.org>, June 2000, March 2003.

[GSM11] Gary S. Malkin, <GMALKIN&XYLOGICS.COM>

[Guillaume] Nadine Guillaume, <nadine.guillaume&sciatl.com>, February 2005.

[Goossens] Marc Goossens, <mgoossens&eiba.com>, July 2003.

[Gordon] Howard Gordon, <hgordon&xingtech.com>

[Gorsline] Tim Gorsline, <tgorsline&batstrading.com>, 13 March 2009.

[Green] Cliff Green, <cgreen&xypoint.com>, February 1998.

[Gupta] Pankaj Gupta, <pgupta&nyse.com>, 28 November 2007. 

[Gupta2] Pankaj Gupta, <pgupta&nyx.com>, 13 March 2009.

[Guttman] Erik Guttman, <Erik.Guttman&sun.com>, March 1998,
          December 2001.

[Hall] Eric Hall, <ehall&ntrg.com>, August 1999, October 1999. 

[Hamilton] Mark Hamilton, <mah&spectralink.com>, November 1998.

[Handley] Mark Handley, <mjh&ISI.EDU>, December 1998.

[Hanna] Stephen Hanna, <steve.hanna&sun.com>, July 2000.

[Hinden] Bob Hinden, <hinden&Ipsilon.com>, November 1997.

[Hodges] Richard Hodges, <rh&source.net>, March 1999.

[Hodgson] Robert Hodgson, <robert&paratek.co.uk>, December 2001.

[Holfelder] Wieland Holdfelder, <whd&pi4.informatik.uni-mannheim.de>,

January 1997.

[Honton] Chas Honton, <chas&secant.com>, December 1997.

[Hoshi] Tetsuo Hoshi, <tetsuo.hoshi&jp.yokogawa.com>, June 2004.

[Hvidsten] Arne Hvidsten, <arne.hvidsten&get.no>, 20 August 2008.

[IANA] IANA <iana&iana.org>

[Iyer] Ram Iyer, <ram&aaccorp.com>, March 1998.

[Jackson] Dan Jackson, <jdan&us.ibm.com>, September 1997.

[Jakubiec] Dan Jakubiec, <dan.jakubiec&systech.com>, 21 September 2006.

[Janssen] Rob Janssen, <rob&pe1chl.ampr.org>, January 1995.

[JBP] Jon Postel, <postel&isi.edu>
 
[JXM1] Jim Miner, <miner&star.com>

[Kalhour] Morteza Kalhour, <morteza.kalhour&nokia.com>, October 2002.

[Kammerlander] Ralph Kammerlander, <ralph.kammerlander&khe.siemens.de>,
               June 2000.

[Karhade] Madhav Karhade, <Madhav.Karhade&WiBhu.com>, May 2003.

[Kean] Brian Kean, <bkean&dca.com>, August 1995.

[Kerkan] Brian Kerkan, <brian&satcomsystems.com>, May 2000. 

[Kittivatcharapong] Sakon Kittivatcharapong, <sakonk&cscoms.net>, May 2000.

[Koopman] Dirk Koopman, <djk&tobit.co.uk>, July 2000.

[Kreutzjans] Michael Kreutzjans, <mike&spryware.com>, March 2007.

[KS14] Karen Seo, <kseo&bbn.com> 

[K.Thompson] Keith Thompson, <thompson&ridgeback.east.sun.com>, June 2001.

[Kutscher] Dirk Kutscher, <dku&tzi.org>, May 2001. 

[Lamberg] Mike Lamberg, <mlamberg&siac.com>, February 1997.

[A.Lee] Alex Lee, <alex_mrlee&gemtek.com.tw>, October 2002.

[Lee] Choon Lee, <cwl&nsd.3com.com>, April 1996.

[K.Lee] Kang Lee, <kang.lee&nist.gov>, April 1999, 02 February 2007.

[Lewis] Mark Lewis, <Mark_Lewis&ccm.jf.intel.com>, October 1995.

[O.Lewis] Oliver Lewis, <o.lewis&icerobotics.co.uk>, 11 July 2006.

[Lindeman] Morten Lindeman, <Morten.Lindeman&os.telia.no>, March 1999.

[Lipford] Mark Lipford, <mark.a.lipford&sprint.com>, 11 July 2006.

[Lyda] Stephen T. Lyda, <slyda&emsg.com>, February 2000.

[Lyle] Jim Lyle, <jim.lyle&siliconimage.com>, 07 August 2006.

[Lynch] Joel Lynch, <joel.lynch&cnn.com>, April 1999.

[Madry] Nabeel Madry, <nabeel.madry&amex.com>, 11 August 2006, 05 July 2007.

[Malamud] Carl Malamud, <carl&invisible.net>, April 1998.

[Andrew Maffei]

[Malkin] Gary Scott Malkin, <gmalkin&baynetworks.com>, February 1998.

[Mamakos] Louis Mamakos, <louie&uu.net>, March 1997.

[Manning] Bill Manning, <bmanning&isi.edu>, August 1999.

[Marocho] Jose Luis Marocho, <73374.313&compuserve.com>, July 1996.

[Marquardt] Douglas Marquardt, <dmarquar&woz.org>, February 1997.

[Marsh] Gene Marsh, <MarshM&diebold.com>, November 1998.

[Martinicky] Brian Martinicky, <Brian_Martinicky&automationintelligence.com>,
             March 2000.

[Mattheijer] Marcel Mattheijer, <noc&nob.nl>, 22 May 2006.

[MEDIAL] Media Alliance, JSC, <noc&medi-a.ru>, 15 January 2008.

[Meier] Bob Meier, <meierb&norand.com>, December 1997.

[Mendal] Geoff Mendal, <mendal&talarian.com>, January 1999.

[Mettin] Christopher Mettin, <cmettin&gqbc-online.com>, 12 May 2009.

[Meyer] David Meyer, <meyer&ns.uoregon.edu>, January 1997.

[Meyer2] David Meyer, <dmm&cisco.com>, June 1999 - MALLOC assignment
for temp use: renew 06/2000

[Moelard] Henri Moelard, <HMOELARD&wcnd.nl.lucent.com>, March 1998.

[Moran] Ed Moran, <admin&cruzjazz.com>, October 1997.

[Moy] John Moy, <jmoy&casc.com>

[Kerry] Stuart Kerry, <stuart.kerry&philips.com>, January 2003.

[Langille] Paul Langille, <plangille&dnpg.com>, 17 January 2007.

[Linthicum] Dana Linthicum, <dana.linthicum&phlx.com>, January 2004.

[MXF2] Martin Forssen, <maf&dtek.chalmers.se>

[Nelson] Gunnar Nelson, <nelsong&nasd.com>, March 1999.
                       <gunnar.nelson&nazdaq.com>, March 2002.

[Nevell] Julian Nevell, <JNEVELL&vbs.bt.co.uk>, August 1999.

[Niedfeldt] Jonathan Niedfeldt, <jon&digitalacoustics.com>, 22 February 2008.

[Nishida] Akihiro Nishida, <nishida&src.ricoh.co.jp>, February 2003.

[Novick] Alan Novick, <anovick&tdc.com>, August 1998.

[O'Rourke] Stacey O'Rourke, <stacey&network-alchemy.com>, 
           <stacey&cips.nokia.com>, August 1999, January 2001.

[Olsen] Oyvind H. Olsen, <oyvind-hollup.olsen&canaldigital.com>, 12 September 2007.

[Parnes] Peter Parnes, <peppar&marratech.com> February 2000.

[Peng] Wenjie Peng, <wpeng&tts.telerate.com>, January 1997.

[Petronio] Guido Petronio, <guido.petronio&moneyline.com>, January 2004.

[Pevzner] Alexander Pevzner, <pzz&pzz.msk.ru>, 17 March 2006.

[Pilz] Pilz GmbH & Co. KG, <pilz.gmbh&pilz.de>, 17 March 2009.

[Polishinski] Steve Polishinski, <spolishinski&etcconnect.com>,  March 2000.

[Poole] David Poole, <davep&extendsys.com>, April 1997.

[Przygienda] Tony Przygienda, <prz&siara.com>, October 1999.

[Purkiss] Ed Purkiss, <epurkiss&wdmacodi.com>, September 1998.

[Querubin] Antonio Querubin, <tony&lava.net>, August 1999, 04 February 2008.

[Revzen] Shai Revzen, <shai.revzen&harmonicinc.com>, April 1999.

[Robberson] Maurice Robberson, <ceo&mediastreamusa.com>, 15 September 2006.

[Rodbell] Mike Rodbell, <mrodbell&ciena.com>, January 1997.

[Roper] Mike Roper, <mroper&8x8.com>, September 1999.

[Guido van Rossum]

[Rowatt] Shane Rowatt, <shane.rowatt&star.com.au>, March 1997.

[Rowley] Andrew Rowley, <Andrew.Rowley&manchester.ac.uk>, 09 June 2006.

[Rubin] David Rubin, <drubin&ncc.net>, August 1996.

[Rupp] Heiko Rupp, <hwr&xlink.net>, January 1997.

[Rueskamp] Bodo Rueskamp, <br&itchigo.com>, March 2000.

[Saito] Takeshi Saito, <takeshi.saito&toshiba.co.jp>, February 2003.

[Saunders] Greig Saunders, <gsaunder&londonstockexchange.com>, 25 February 2008, 29 February 2008, 
           24 December 2008, 12 May 2009.

[Sautter] Robert Sautter, <rsautter&acdnj.itt.com>, August 1999.

[SC3] Steve Casner, <casner&precept.com>

[Scannell] Piers Scannell, <piers&globecastne.com>, March 2000.

[Scheifler] Bob Scheifler, <Bob.Scheifler&sun.com>, August 1998.

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[Joel Snyder]

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